Chapter 2 covers a range of topics related to second language acquisition (SLA), including its history, various theories of SLA, the impact of social and cultural factors, the role of technology, and the benefits of bilingualism. The chapter starts with a brief history of SLA and an overview of behaviorist, cognitive, and social-cultural theories of…
Chapter 1 covers the fundamental concepts of second language acquisition (SLA). The chapter begins by defining SLA and explaining that SLA refers to the process by which individuals acquire proficiency in a language other than their first language. The chapter then provides an overview of the factors that influence SLA, including age, cognitive development, social…
Using SPSS Statistics specifically, Chapter 8 focuses on data analysis and hypothesis testing in the context of teaching languages. The chapter discusses several data types (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio), how to interpret descriptive statistics, and various hypothesis tests, such as the independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, one-sample t-test, correlation, and one-way ANOVA. Overall,…
The lecture goes through the fundamentals of population and sampling techniques used in research studies, with a focus on language education. It clarifies the meaning of the terms population and sample and the benefits and drawbacks of probability-based and non-probability-based sampling techniques. In order to assure the representativeness and generalizability of the study results, the…
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This book’s Chapter 4 specializes on quantitative research strategies. The goal of quantitative research is to measure and analyze numerical data in order to understand, forecast, or regulate occurrences. The primary categories of quantitative research designs—experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, survey, longitudinal, and cross-sectional—will be covered in this chapter. We will go through the features, benefits, and…
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