Chapter 8 covers various aspects of motivation in language learning. The chapter begins by discussing the different types of motivation, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and how they affect language learning. Intrinsic motivation is defined as the desire to engage in an activity for its own sake, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external factors…
This chapter explores the concept of language aptitude, which refers to the cognitive and perceptual abilities that facilitate second language (L2) learning and processing. The chapter covers the following topics. First, it introduces the three main dimensions of human psychology that are relevant for L2 learning: cognition (how information is processed and learned by the mind),…
Chapter 6 provides an overview of important cognition and information processing concepts in second language acquisition (SLA). The chapter highlights the role of practice in skill acquisition and discusses Skill Acquisition Theory, which explains how learners move from novice to expert levels in a particular domain. The chapter also delves into the different types of…
Chapter 5 focuses on the cognitive approach to language learning and the various perspectives that fall under it. The chapter begins by discussing the general cognitive approach and how it differs from the behaviorist approach. It then explores the development of learner language from the perspectives of cognitivists, with a focus on the role of…
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Chapter 2 covers a range of topics related to second language acquisition (SLA), including its history, various theories of SLA, the impact of social and cultural factors, the role of technology, and the benefits of bilingualism. The chapter starts with a brief history of SLA and an overview of behaviorist, cognitive, and social-cultural theories of…
Chapter 1 covers the fundamental concepts of second language acquisition (SLA). The chapter begins by defining SLA and explaining that SLA refers to the process by which individuals acquire proficiency in a language other than their first language. The chapter then provides an overview of the factors that influence SLA, including age, cognitive development, social…
Using SPSS Statistics specifically, Chapter 8 focuses on data analysis and hypothesis testing in the context of teaching languages. The chapter discusses several data types (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio), how to interpret descriptive statistics, and various hypothesis tests, such as the independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, one-sample t-test, correlation, and one-way ANOVA. Overall,…
