Category: SLA

Chapter 6 – Cognition and Language Acquisition

Case study Mai is a first-year student learning English. She enjoys watching English videos and usually understands the main ideas. However, she often makes grammar mistakes in speaking and writing, such as missing verb endings, articles, and prepositions. Her teacher notices that Mai focuses mostly on meaning, not language form. In one activity, Mai reads…

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Chapter 4 – Linguistic environment & the Input hypothesis

Case Study Lan is a 10-year-old student who has recently moved to a new city where English is used more often at school. At home, her family mainly speaks Vietnamese, but at school, her teachers encourage her to use English in class activities and group discussions. Lan understands many simple words and expressions, but she…

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Chapter 2 – The History of Second Language Acquisition

Case Study Mai is a 20-year-old university student who wants to improve her English for study and future work. She uses mobile apps, watches English videos online, and follows English-speaking creators on social media every day. She enjoys learning new words and expressions, but she still feels uncomfortable when speaking in real conversations. Although Mai…

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Chapter 1: Introduction to Second Language Acquisition

Case Study Linh is a 19-year-old university student from Vietnam who wants to improve her English for study and future work. She learned English in school for many years, but she still feels nervous when speaking. At home, she studies by herself using videos, mobile apps, and online games in English. She also joins an…

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Chapter 3 – Language Development in Children

Case Study Minh is a 14-year-old student learning English in school. During speaking activities, he often makes grammatical mistakes and sometimes cannot express his ideas clearly. His teacher usually corrects him immediately, but Minh becomes nervous and speaks less. At home, Minh watches English videos and plays online games with international players, where he learns…

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Chapter 8 – Motivation in SLA

Case study Minh is a university student learning English. He studies hard and does well in reading and grammar, but he becomes very nervous when speaking in class. He worries that classmates will laugh at his pronunciation, so he avoids answering questions and rarely joins pair-work discussions. His teacher notices that Minh understands the lesson,…

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Chapter 7 – Foreign language aptitudes

Case study Linh and Minh are both learning English in the same class, with the same teacher and textbook. Minh learns new words quickly, remembers sentence patterns, and can follow long listening passages without losing track. Linh is hardworking and motivated, but she often forgets new vocabulary, struggles to keep ideas in mind while reading,…

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Chapter 5 – Development of learner language

Case Study An is an English learner who can communicate simple ideas clearly, but he often makes mistakes when he tries to use longer or more complex sentences. In class, he usually says basic sentences such as “I like this book,” but he struggles when he wants to explain ideas like “The student who borrowed…

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Protected: Second Language Acquisition: Reconciling Theories

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Protected: Social context of SLA (Cont.)

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